湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州新生儿窒息发生情况及重度窒息发生影响因素的多中心研究

Incidence of neonatal asphyxia and contributing factors for the develpment of severe asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture: a multicenter study

摘要:

目的 了解湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州新生儿窒息的发生率及重度窒息发生的影响因素。方法 选择湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州16家医院作为研究现场。收集2016年1~12月在该16家医院出生的活产婴儿22294例的临床资料进行回顾性分析，调查新生儿窒息的发生率及重度窒息发生的影响因素。结果 22294例活产新生儿中，733例（3.29%）诊断为新生儿窒息，其中轻度窒息627例，重度窒息106例。单因素分析显示，母亲文化程度低、孕期贫血、绒毛膜羊膜炎、羊水异常、脐带异常、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥以及民族为土家族的新生儿或早产出生、低出生体重者重度窒息发生率较高（P < 0.05）。结论 湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州新生儿窒息发生率较高。母亲文化程度低、孕期贫血、绒毛膜羊膜炎、脐带异常、羊水异常、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥及民族为土家族、早产出生、低出生体重可能与新生儿重度窒息的发生有关。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and possible contributing factors for the development of severe asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China. Methods A total of 16 hospitals in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were selected as research centers. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 22294 live births in these 16 hospitals from January to December, 2016 to investigate the incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia and possible contributing factors for the development of severe asphyxia. Results Of the 22 294 neonates born alive, 733 (3.29%) were diagnosed with neonatal asphyxia, among whom 627 had mild asphyxia and 106 had severe asphyxia. The neonates with low maternal education level, maternal anemia during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal umbilical cord, placenta previa, placental abruption, Tujia Minority, preterm birth, and low birth weight had a higher incidence of severe asphyxia (P < 0.05).Conclusions The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is higher. Low maternal education level, maternal anemia during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal umbilical cord, placenta previa, placental abruption, Tujia Minority, preterm birth, and low birth weight may be related to the development of severe neonatal asphyxia.