新生儿高频振荡通气的撤机方式探讨

Research advances in the methods for weaning from high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in neonates

摘要:

新生儿呼吸衰竭是新生儿重症监护室常见的危重症，尽管临床医生希望最大限度地利用无创呼吸支持，但有些低出生体重早产儿一开始就需要用到有创呼吸支持。高频振荡通气（HFOV）作为治疗呼吸衰竭的重要呼吸管理技术，它允许用小于或等于解剖死腔的潮气量快速输送进行气体交换，利用持续膨胀压使肺均一扩张，但同时对肺组织的反复牵拉作用较小，对肺部有保护作用，从而受到临床医师的青睐，目前临床应用已较为普遍。但对于HFOV后如何拔管撤机目前仍不统一。该文就HFOV的撤机方式进行综述，以期为临床提供帮助。

Abstract:

Neonatal respiratory failure is a serious clinical illness commonly seen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Although clinicians want to maximize noninvasive respiratory support, some low-birth-weight preterm infants may require invasive respiratory support from the beginning. As an important respiratory management technique for the treatment of respiratory failure, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) allows gas exchange by rapid delivery at a tidal volume lower than or equal to anatomy death volume. Continuous distending pressure was applied to achieve uniform lung expansion, reduce repeated contraction of lung tissue, and exert a protective effect on lung tissue, and so it is preferred by clinicians and has been widely used in clinical practice. However, no consensus has been reached on the methods for weaning from HFOV. This article reviews the methods for weaning from HFOV, so as to provide help for clinical practice.