儿童肾病综合征合并嗜酸性粒细胞增多的临床分析

Clinical features of nephrotic syndrome accompanied by eosinophilia in children

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童肾病综合征（NS）合并嗜酸性粒细胞增多的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析合并嗜酸性粒细胞增多的18例次NS患儿（15例，其中3例于第2次复发时也有嗜酸性粒细胞增多）的临床表现、实验室检查和治疗转归。结果 嗜酸性粒细胞轻度增多16例次（89%）、中度增多1例次（6%）、重度增多1例次（6%）。12例次（67%）的嗜酸性粒细胞增多发生在冬春季。9例次（50%）合并感染性疾病：4例肺炎（其中2例为支原体肺炎）、3例EB病毒感染、1例疑似蛲虫感染、1例链球菌感染；5例次（28%）合并过敏性疾病，其中2例表现为荨麻疹，2例表现为过敏性鼻炎，1例表现为湿疹。嗜酸性粒细胞计数与尿蛋白定量、血白蛋白、胆固醇水平均无明显相关性（P > 0.05）。8例次初发NS患儿，激素治疗后尿蛋白4周内转阴；10例次复发NS患儿，9例次患儿调整激素治疗后尿蛋白亦转阴。1例次（嗜酸性粒细胞中度增多）合并过敏性鼻炎的NS患儿予以抗过敏等对症治疗后症状缓解、尿蛋白转阴，未恢复激素治疗，嗜酸性粒细胞计数降至轻度增多；余17例次患儿嗜酸性粒细胞均恢复正常。结论 NS合并嗜酸性粒细胞增多多发生于冬春季节，常合并感染或过敏性疾病，嗜酸性粒细胞计数与尿蛋白定量、血白蛋白、胆固醇水平均无明显相关性。

Abstract:

Objective To study the clinical features of nephrotic syndrome (NS) accompanied by eosinophilia in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and treatment outcomes of 18 cases of eosinophilia (15 children, 3 of whom also had eosinophilia at the second recurrence) in children with NS. Results Of the 18 cases, 16 (89%) had mild eosinophilia, 1 (6%) had moderate eosinophilia, and 1 (6%) had severe eosinophilia. Twelve cases (67%) developed eosinophilia in winter and spring. Nine cases (50%) had infectious diseases:pneumonia (including 2 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia) in 4 cases, EB virus infection in 3 cases, suspected pinworm infection in 1 case, and Streptococcal infection in 1 case. Five cases (28%) had allergic diseases:urticaria in 2 cases, allergic rhinitis in 2 cases and eczema in 1 case. There was no significant correlation between eosinophil count and the levels of urinary protein, serum albumin and cholesterol (P > 0.05). In 8 cases of newly diagnosed NS, urinary protein turned negative within 4 weeks after glucocorticoid treatment. In 10 cases of recurrent NS, urinary protein turned negative in 9 cases after the adjustment of glucocorticoid treatment. In 1 case of recurrent NS (moderate eosinophilia with allergic rhinitis), symptomatic relief and negative urinary protein were achieved after anti-allergic treatment. Glucocorticoid therapy was not administered again in the patient, and the eosinophil count was reduced to a slight increase. The eosinophil counts of the other 17 cases returned to normal. Conclusions NS with eosinophilia in children occurs mostly in winter and spring. This disorder is associated with infection or allergic diseases. There was no significant correlation between eosinophil count and the levels of urinary protein, serum albumin and cholesterol.