2016年哈尔滨市1~19岁健康人群水痘血清流行病学调查

Seroepidemiology of varicella among the healthy population aged 1-19 years in Harbin, China

摘要:

目的 了解哈尔滨市1~19岁健康人群水痘IgG抗体水平，为完善水痘防控策略提供理论依据。方法 以随机抽样方法在全市范围内选取1 203名1~19岁健康调查对象，按年龄分为1岁~组（n=240）、4岁~组（n=396）、7岁~组（n=364）和14~19岁组（n=203）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体（VZV-IgG）浓度，VZV-IgG浓度≥ 100 mIU/mL判定为阳性，表明调查对象具有抵抗水痘病毒感染的能力。结果 VZV-IgG的抗体阳性率为71.49%（860/1 203），抗体浓度为447±17 mIU/mL。随着年龄增加，VZV-IgG抗体浓度呈上升趋势（P < 0.05）；城市人群抗体阳性率高于农村（P < 0.05）；不同剂次水痘疫苗免疫史人群VZV-IgG的抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），其中以2剂次免疫史人群的抗体阳性率最高。不同病史人群VZV-IgG的抗体浓度比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），其中以患过水痘人群的抗体浓度最高。结论 哈尔滨市1~19岁健康人群水痘抗体水平存在城乡及年龄差异，需加强薄弱地区和14岁以下人群含水痘成分疫苗的接种工作。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the level of IgG antibody to varicella in the healthy population aged 1-19 years in Harbin, China. Methods Random sampling was performed to select 1203 healthy individuals aged 1-19 years in Harbin. According to age, they were divided into ≥ 1 years group (n=240), ≥ 4 years group (n=396), ≥ 7 years group (n=364) and 14-19 years group (n=203). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-IgG antibody in serum, and a concentration of VZV-IgG antibody of ≥ 100 mIU/mL was considered positive, suggesting that the subject had the ability to resist VZV infection. Results The overall positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody was 71.49% (860/1203), and the concentration of VZV-IgG antibody was 447±17 mIU/mL. The concentration of VZV-IgG antibody tended to increase with age (P < 0.05). The positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody in the urban population was significantly higher than that in the rural population (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody between the populations with different doses of varicella vaccination (P < 0.05), and the population with 2 doses of vaccination had the highest positive rate of VZV-IgG antibody. There was a signifcant difference in the concentration of VZV-IgG antibody between the populations with different medical histories (P < 0.05), and the population with a past history of varicella had the highest concentration. Conclusions Among the healthy population aged 1-19 years in Harbin, there is a signifcant difference in the level of VZV-IgG antibody between the urban and rural populations, as well as between different age groups. Varicella vaccination should be strengthened in areas with a low vaccination rate and the population aged <14 years.