重庆地区202例儿童慢性咳嗽的病因研究

Causes of chronic cough in children in Chongqing, China: an analysis of 202 cases

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童慢性咳嗽的病因构成。方法 对2015年5月至2017年11月于重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的202例慢性咳嗽患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 202例患儿的病因分布为：感染后咳嗽81例（40.1%），咳嗽变异性哮喘71例（35.1%），上气道咳嗽综合征43例（21.3%），异物吸入3例（1.5%），胃食管反流性咳嗽1例（0.5%），多发性抽动症2例（1.0%），先天性呼吸道疾病1例（0.5%）。119例（58.9%）慢性咳嗽是单病因所致，83例（41.1%）有多种病因。不同年龄组（< 1岁、1岁~、3岁~、6~14岁）和不同咳嗽性质组（湿咳、干咳）慢性咳嗽病因构成差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论 儿童慢性咳嗽的前三位主要病因为：感染后咳嗽、咳嗽变异性哮喘和上气道咳嗽综合征；不同年龄阶段及不同咳嗽性质的患儿其慢性咳嗽的主要病因存在差异。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the constitution of causes of chronic cough in children. Methods The clinical data of 202 children with chronic cough who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2015 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results As for the causes of chronic cough in the 202 children, 81 (40.1%) had post-infection cough (PIC), 71 (35.1%) had cough variant asthma (CVA), 43 (21.3%) had upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), 3 (1.5%) had foreign body aspiration, 1 (0.5%) had gastroesophageal reflux cough, 2 (1.0%) had Tourette syndrome, and 1 (0.5%) had congenital respiratory disorders. Of the 202 children, 119 (58.9%) had chronic cough caused by a single factor and 83 (41.1%) had chronic cough caused by multiple factors. There was a significant difference in the constitution of causes of chronic cough among the children with different ages (< 1 year, ≥ 1 year, ≥ 3 years and 6-14 years) or natures of cough (wet cough and dry cough) (P < 0.01). Conclusions The top three causes of chronic cough in children are PIC, CVA and UACS. There are significant differences in the main causes of chronic cough between children with different ages and between those with different natures of cough.