右美托咪定在撤机躁动患儿中的应用

Application of dexmedetomidine in children with agitation during ventilator weaning

摘要:

目的探讨右美托咪定在机械通气撤机躁动患儿应用的有效性及安全性。方法采取前瞻性开放性观察性研究，纳入2017年3月至2018年8月入住重症监护室接受机械通气由于躁动导致自主呼吸试验（SBT）失败而应用右美托咪定的病例。将镇静-躁动评分≥5分定义为躁动。观察入组患儿使用右美托咪定0.5、1、2、6、12 h后的镇静情况，拔管前及拔管后1、24、48 h血气分析结果，SBT前、拔管前、拔管后10 min、拔管后60 min、拔管后120 min、拔管后24 h的重要生命体征（心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压）及使用右美托咪定过程中不良反应发生情况。结果 19例患儿纳入研究。患儿入组时均为躁动状态，使用右美托咪定0.5、1、2、6、12 h后分别有12、17、17、18、18例患儿达到目标镇静状态。拔管前后各时间点的氧合指数、PaCO₂及心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。所有患儿均未发生严重低血压、呼吸抑制等不良反应，仅1例患儿发生可逆性心动过缓。结论右美托咪定在机械通气撤机躁动患儿中的应用是安全有效的，但尚需前瞻性随机对照试验加以验证。

Abstract:

Objective To study the clinical effect and safety of dexmedetomidine in children with agitation during ventilator weaning. Methods A prospective open observational study was performed for children who were admitted to the intensive care unit and experienced mechanical ventilation between March 2017 and August 2018. They were given dexmedetomidine due to the failure in the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) caused by agitation. A sedation-agitation scale score of ≥ 5 was defined as agitation. The children were observed in terms of the sedation state at 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after the administration of dexmedetomidine, blood gas parameters before extubation and at 1, 24, and 48 hours after extubation, vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure) before SBT, before extubation, and at 10, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after extubation, and incidence rates of adverse events related to the use of dexmedetomidine. Results A total of 19 children were enrolled in this study. All the children were in a state of agitation at the time of enrollment. At 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after the administration of dexmedetomidine, 12, 17, 17, 18, and 18 children respectively reached the sedation state. There were no significant differences in the oxygenation index, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure at each time point before and after extubation (P > 0.05). No adverse events were observed, such as severe hypotension and respiratory depression, and only one child experienced reversible bradycardia. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is safe and effective in children with agitation during ventilator weaning, but prospective randomized controlled trials are needed for verification.