孕前双亲体重指数、母孕期体重增值及其交互作用对新生儿出生体重的影响

Influence of pre-pregnancy parental body mass index, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and their interaction on neonatal birth weight

摘要:

目的 探讨孕前双亲体重指数（BMI）和母孕期体重增值及其交互作用对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年10月在西安交通大学第一附属医院做定期产检并足月单胎分娩的孕妇1 127例，收集其孕前BMI、孕期体重增值、孕前丈夫BMI、新生儿出生体重等信息，分析新生儿出生体重与孕前父母BMI和母亲孕期体重增值之间的相关性及两变量间的交互作用。结果 1 127例足月新生儿中，低出生体重检出25例（2.22%），巨大儿检出43例（3.82%）。低出生体重儿、正常体重儿、巨大儿三组双亲孕前BMI值、母亲孕期体重增值的比较差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。新生儿出生体重与孕前双亲BMI值、母亲孕期体重增值呈低度正相关（r=0.097~0.322，P < 0.05）；母亲孕前低体重可增加低出生体重儿的发生风险（RR=4.17，95% CI：1.86~9.38）；母亲孕前超重/肥胖、孕期体重增值超标可增加巨大儿的发生风险（分别RR=3.59，95% CI：1.93~6.67；RR=3.21，95% CI：1.39~7.37）。未发现母亲孕前BMI与孕期体重增值对新生儿出生体重的交互作用。结论 孕前双亲BMI和母亲孕期体重增值与新生儿出生体重有关，而母亲孕前BMI和孕期体重增值之间无交互作用。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the influence of pre-pregnancy parental body mass index (BMI), maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and their interaction on neonatal birth weight. Methods A total of 1 127 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations and full-term singleton delivery in the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled. The data on their pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI of the husband, and neonatal birth weight were collected. The interaction between pre-pregnancy parental BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy was analyzed, and their correlation with neonatal birth weight was analyzed. Results Among the 1 127 full-term neonates, the detection rates of low birth weight neonates and macrosomia were 2.22% (25/1 127) and 3.82% (43/1 127) respectively. There were significant differences in pre-pregnancy parental BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy among the low birth weight, normal birth weight, and macrosomia groups (P < 0.05). Neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with pre-pregnancy parental BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.097-0.322, P < 0.05). Low maternal weight before pregnancy increased the risk of low birth weight (RR=4.17, 95%CI:1.86-9.38), and maternal overweight/obesity before pregnancy (RR=3.59, 95%CI:1.93-6.67) and excessive weight gain during pregnancy (RR=3.21, 95%CI:1.39-7.37) increased the risk of macrosomia. No interaction between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy was observed. Conclusions Pre-pregnancy parental BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy are related to neonatal birth weight, and there is no interaction between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy.