湖南省听力障碍儿童慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

An epidemiological investigation of chronic kidney disease in children with hearing disorder in Hunan province, China

摘要:

目的 调查湖南省听力障碍儿童慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病情况。方法 运用横断面研究，采用多阶段整群抽样方法共抽取1 500名儿童作为研究样本，现场进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查。结果 1 500名儿童中，纳入资料完整的儿童1 459名。CKD患病43例，患病率为2.95%，其中 < 7岁组患病率（5.8%，35/604）显著高于7~14岁组（0.9%，8/855）（P < 0.05）。43例CKD患儿中，表现为蛋白尿31例（72%），表现为血尿27例（63%），表现肾小球滤过率下降11例（26%）。43例CKD患儿中，CKD 1、2、3a、3b、4、5期患病例数分别为13、19、5、3、3、0例，分别占30%、44%、12%、7%、7%、0%。CKD患病率随听力障碍程度加重而升高（P < 0.01）。结论 湖南省听力障碍儿童中CKD的患病率较高，大部分处于CKD早期，学龄前期儿童多见。听力障碍程度与CKD的患病率相关。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the children with hearing disorder in Hunan province, China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 1 500 children as subjects. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory examinations were performed on the spot. Results Among the 1 500 children, 1 459 with complete data were included in analysis. Among the 1 459 children, 43 had CKD, with a prevalence rate of 2.95%. The < 7 years group had a significantly higher prevalence rate than the 7-14 years group[5.8% (35/604) vs 0.9% (8/855); P < 0.05]. Among the 43 children with CKD, 31 (72%) had proteinuria, 27(63%) had hematuria, and 11 (26%) had a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Among the 43 children with CKD, stage 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 CKD accounted for 30% (13 cases), 44% (19 cases), 12% (5 cases), 7% (3 cases), 7% (3 cases), and 0% (0 case) respectively. The prevalence rate of CKD increased with the severity of hearing disorder (P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence rate of CKD is higher among the children with hearing disorder in Hunan province. Most children have early-stage CKD. CKD is commonly seen in preschool children. Severity of hearing disorder is associated with the prevalence of CKD.