母乳中生物活性物质对婴儿生长发育影响的研究进展

Research advances in the effect of bioactive substances in breast milk on the growth and development of infants

摘要:

母乳中存在多种生物活性物质，如活性蛋白、生长因子、细胞因子、寡聚糖、益生菌和细胞等。大量研究表明，母乳中的生物活性成分对于婴儿生长发育有着多种保护作用，如抗菌、抗病毒、促进婴儿生长发育和机体免疫成熟等。它们还能降低婴儿感染性疾病的发病率，改善早产儿的神经系统发育结局，并能降低婴儿未来发生肥胖、糖尿病的风险等。但目前对于母乳中某些活性物质的作用仍缺乏一定的临床证据支持，其免疫调节的机制尚未明确，需进一步研究来阐明。

Abstract:

There are various types of bioactive substances in human breast milk, such as active proteins, growth factors, cytokines, oligosaccharides, probiotics and cells. Many studies have shown that these bioactive substances in breast milk have important protective effects on infant growth and development, including anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects and the promotion of infant growth and development and immunologic maturation. They can also reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases in infants, improve neural development in preterm infants, and reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes in future. However, there is still no clinical evidence for the effects of several active substances in breast milk, and their immunoregulatory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, further studies are needed for clarification.