北京地区25家医院晚期早产儿住院期间母乳喂养对感染相关性疾病发生的影响

Effect of breastfeeding on the development of infection-related diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in 25 hospitals in Beijing, China

摘要:

目的 了解北京地区晚期早产儿住院期间感染性疾病的发生率，分析感染性疾病发生的危险因素，探讨母乳喂养对感染性疾病发生的影响。方法 收集北京地区25家医院新生儿病房在2015年10月23日至2017年10月30日住院的晚期早产儿资料。根据喂养方式分为母乳喂养组和配方奶喂养组，比较两组一般情况、感染性疾病的发生率，并应用多因素logistic回归分析感染性疾病发生的危险因素。结果 纳入1 576例晚期早产儿，其中母乳喂养组153例，配方奶喂养组1 423例。发生感染性疾病共计484例（30.71%），其中母乳喂养组感染性疾病发生率显著低于配方奶喂养组（22.88% vs 31.55%，P=0.033）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，母乳喂养是感染性疾病发生的独立保护性因素（OR=0.534，P=0.004），而男婴、胎膜早破、妊娠糖尿病、窒息是发生感染性疾病的危险因素（分别OR=1.328、5.386、1.535、2.353，均P < 0.05）。结论 母乳喂养可降低晚期早产儿住院期间感染性疾病的发生，是晚期早产儿感染性疾病的保护因素，应积极提倡晚期早产儿住院期间实施母乳喂养。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the incidence rate of infectious diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in Beijing, China, as well as the risk factors for infectious diseases and the effect of breastfeeding on the development of infectious diseases. Methods Related data were collected from the late preterm infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal wards of 25 hospitals in Beijing, China, from October 23, 2015 to October 30, 2017. According to the feeding pattern, they were divided into a breastfeeding group and a formula feeding group. The two groups were compared in terms of general status and incidence rate of infectious diseases. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for infectious diseases. Results A total of 1 576 late preterm infants were enrolled, with 153 infants in the breastfeeding group and 1 423 in the formula feeding group. Of all infants, 484 (30.71%) experienced infectious diseases. The breastfeeding group had a significantly lower incidence rate of infectious diseases than the formula feeding group (22.88% vs 31.55%, P=0.033). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding was an independent protective factor against infectious diseases (OR=0.534, P=0.004), while male sex, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and asphyxia were risk factors for infectious diseases (OR=1.328, 5.386, 1.535, and 2.353 respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and is a protective factor against infectious diseases in late preterm infants. Breastfeeding should therefore be actively promoted for late preterm infants during hospitalization.