血管紧张素转换酶2对儿童2019冠状病毒病的作用研究进展

A review on the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children with coronavirus disease 2019

摘要:

随着严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在全球的肆虐，儿童感染者人数也越来越多。血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）是SARS-CoV-2感染人体的结合位点之一，可以与病毒尖峰蛋白结合，使得跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶（TMPRSS2）启动S蛋白触发感染，引起白细胞介素-1、干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子等多种炎性因子的产生。与成人相比，儿童的ACE2及TMPRSS2的表达水平较低，推测儿童症状较成人轻，发病人数较成人少均与此有关。该综述对SARS-CoV-2感染过程中ACE2的作用研究进展进行总结，有助于了解SARS-CoV-2的致病机制，为更好地开发药物及疫苗，防治儿童2019冠状病毒病提供参考。

Abstract:

With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) all over the world, there is an increasing number of children with such infection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), one of the binding sites for SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, can bind to viral spike proteins, allowing transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) to activate S-protein to trigger infection and induce the production of various inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1, interferon-l, and tumor necrosis factor. Compared with adults, children tend to have lower expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are presumed to be associated with milder symptoms and fewer cases in children. The article summarizes the research advances in the role of ACE2 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to help understand the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and provide a reference for better development of drugs and vaccines to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 in children.