长沙市儿童新型冠状病毒感染13例临床特征分析

Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China

摘要:

目的 分析儿童新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染的临床特征。方法 收集长沙市13例SARS-CoV-2感染患儿的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。结果 13例患儿均为家庭聚集性发病。2例无症状感染；其余11例临床表现包括发热、咳嗽、咽部不适、腹痛、腹泻、抽搐、呕吐。临床分型包括7例轻型，5例普通型，1例重型。6例发热患儿热程中位时间为2 d。所有患儿外周血淋巴细胞计数、免疫球蛋白、CD4、CD8、IL-6等水平均在正常范围。13例患儿鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸检测转阴的中位时间为13 d，期间3例患儿存在核酸检测假阴性现象；1例患儿鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阴性后大便核酸持续阳性12 d。6例患儿肺部CT有异常改变。所有患儿均治愈出院，出院后2周随访均正常。结论 家庭内接触传播为儿童SARS-CoV-2感染的主要途径，不排除粪-口传播。儿童病例以轻型及普通型为主，未见细胞因子风暴现象，且近期预后良好，远期预后尚需继续追踪。建议对感染病例及密切接触者多次多部位采样进行核酸检测，及时阻断传播。

Abstract:

Objective To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 13 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection who hospitalized in a Changsha hospital. Results All 13 children had the disease onset due to family aggregation. Of the 13 children, 2 had no symptoms, and the other 11 children had the clinical manifestations of fever, cough, pharyngeal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, or vomiting. As for clinical typing, 7 had mild type, 5 had common type, and 1 had severe type. The median duration of fever was 2 days in 6 children. All 13 children had normal levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulins, CD4, CD8, and interleukin-6. The median time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 was 13 days in the nasopharyngeal swabs of the 13 children. Three children presented false negatives for RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable in stools for 12 days after the nasopharyngeal swab test yielded a negative result. Abnormal CT findings were observed in 6 children. All 13 children were cured and discharged and they were normal at 2 weeks after discharge. Conclusions Intra-family contact is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and there is also a possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Mild and common types are the major clinical types in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cytokine storm is not observed. Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to have a good short-term prognosis, and follow-up is needed to observe their long-term prognosis. Multiple nucleic acid tests should be performed for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their close contacts by multiple site sampling.