宫内生长受限对神经系统结构和功能影响的研究进展

Recent research on the influence of intrauterine growth restriction on the structure and function of the nervous system

摘要:

宫内生长受限由多种因素导致，生后常表现为小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age，SGA）。SGA在围生期有较高的死亡及患病风险，其中神经系统在宫内即发生了结构改变，包括脑容积、灰质体积减小等，并伴有影像学及病理的异常改变；宫内生长受限胎儿在宫内进行血流再分布以保护脑部供血，目前对于脑保护机制的临床作用仍存在争议。SGA在新生儿及儿童期有较高的认知、运动、语言及行为功能发生异常的风险。早产儿神经功能损害程度比足月儿更严重。早期干预有利于神经系统功能的改善。 引用格式:

Abstract:

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is caused by many factors, and most newborns with IUGR are small for gestational age (SGA). SGA infants have a relatively high risk of death and disease in the perinatal period, and the nervous system already has structural changes in the uterus, including the reduction of brain volume and gray matter volume, accompanied by abnormal imaging and pathological changes. IUGR fetuses undergo intrauterine blood flow redistribution to protect brain blood supply, and there are still controversies over the clinical effect of brain protection mechanism. SGA infants have a relatively high risk of abnormal cognitive, motor, language, and behavioral functions in the neonatal period and childhood, and preterm infants tend to have a higher degree of neurological impairment than full-term infants. Early intervention may help to improve the function of the nervous system. Citation: