知往鉴今：人感染猴痘史及其非同寻常的2022年多国暴发疫情

Learning from the past: the history of human monkeypox and the atypical multi-country outbreak in 2022

摘要:

2022年全球多个非地方性流行国家发生了人感染猴痘（human monkeypox，HMPX）暴发疫情，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）评述此次暴发是“非同寻常的（atypical）”。要理解这一评语，就必须对猴痘及HMPX的历史有充分的认识，首先知道什么是“寻常的”暴发。因此，该文系统回顾了猴痘，尤其是HMPX的流行病学史，并结合近期WHO等组织机构，以及专家学者的观点，讨论分析此次疫情非同寻常的表现及可能原因。在为读者呈现64年来发人深省的猴痘病毒与人类互动历史的同时，也提供了HMPX暴发疫情多方面的信息和观点，有助于理解WHO等对当前疫情危险性的评估，认识暴发疫情对未来临床和公共卫生的深远影响。

Abstract:

In 2022, the outbreak of human monkeypox (HMPX) occurred in many non-endemic countries. World Health Organization (WHO) assesses that this outbreak is "atypical". The history of monkeypox and HMPX must be reviewed to clearly recognize the "typical" outbreaks to fully understand this comment. Therefore, this paper reviews the epidemiological history of monkeypox, especially HMPX, and discusses and analyzes the atypical manifestations and the possible causes of the present outbreak based on the recent views of WHO, other organizations/institutions, and experts. The text describes the thought-provoking history of the interaction between the monkeypox virus and the human being in the past 64 years, and provides various information and views on the outbreak of HMPX, which is helpful to understand risk assessment and the potential impact of this outbreak on clinical and public health in future.