儿童和青少年2019冠状病毒病的临床表现及流行病学意义

Clinical characteristics and epidemiological significance of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents

摘要:

2019年底开始的2019冠状病毒病（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）疫情在几个月内迅速蔓延全球，2020年3月世界卫生组织宣布为全球疫情。根据美国儿科学会的数据，自疫情暴发以来，已有近1 300万儿童确诊为COVID-19。总的来说，儿童和青少年COVID-19的症状比成人轻，病死率也较低。了解儿童和青少年中COVID-19的症状、传染性和传播模式对及时识别可疑患者和采取完善的管控措施具有重要意义。考虑到将来相当一段时间内，总会有一部分儿童尚不能接种疫苗，提高对儿童和青少年COVID-19的临床及流行病学意义认识就显得更重要。该文总结了儿童和青少年COVID-19临床表现的当前认识，分析其流行病学意义，为临床诊治、管理，以及幼儿园和学校等儿童聚集机构制订疫情防控策略提供参考。

Abstract:

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in late December 2019, and spread rapidly throughout the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared global epidemic of COVID-19. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, nearly 13 million children have been diagnosed with COVID-19 since the outbreak. In general, children and teens have milder symptoms and fewer deaths from COVID-19 than adults. Understanding the symptoms, infectivity, and transmission patterns of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is of great significance for timely identifying suspected patients and developing effective control measures. Considering that some children will not be vaccinated for quite some time in the future, it is more important to improve the understanding of the clinical and epidemiological significance of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. This article summarizes the current understanding of the clinical manifestations and epidemiological significance of COVID-19 in children and adolescents to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and the formulation of epidemic prevention and control strategies in children's gathering institutions such as kindergartens and schools.