抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎免疫治疗的研究进展

Recent research on immunotherapy for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

摘要:

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor，NMDAR）脑炎是一种以神经及精神症状为主要表现的中枢神经系统疾病。免疫治疗是基础治疗，包括急性期的一线治疗和二线治疗，以及慢性期的长程治疗。抗NMDAR脑炎总体预后良好，但仍有部分患者对当前免疫治疗方案反应欠佳，遗留神经系统功能障碍。此外，药物的不良反应及经济负担也是临床工作中常遇到的现实问题。为解决上述问题，近年来免疫治疗方案在药物的剂量、使用途径、疗程方面不断改进，同时涌现出一些新免疫治疗药物。因此，该文就抗NMDAR脑炎免疫治疗的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a central nervous system disease characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Immunotherapy is the basic treatment for this disease, including first- and second-line therapies for the acute stage and the long-course therapy for the chronic stage. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis often has a good prognosis, but some patients may still have neurological dysfunction due to poor response to current immunotherapy. In addition, the adverse reactions and economic burden of drugs are practical problems in clinical practice. To solve the above problems, continuous improvements have been made in immunotherapy regimens in terms of dose, route of administration, and course of treatment, and some new immunotherapy drugs have emerged. This article reviews the recent research on immunotherapy for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.