母亲职业倦怠和青少年抑郁的关系：母亲抑郁和教养方式的链式中介作用

Association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression: the chain mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style

摘要:

目的 研究母亲职业倦怠与青少年抑郁的关系，以及母亲抑郁、教养方式在其中的中介作用。方法 采用横断面研究设计，于2021年4—5月在上海市7所初中进行整群随机抽样，对7所初中2 572名青少年及其母亲进行问卷调查。研究工具包括一般资料调查表、职业倦怠量表、流调中心抑郁量表、简式父母教养方式问卷及儿童抑郁量表。建立结构方程模型，使用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果 青少年抑郁症状检出率为12.71%（327/2 572）。母亲职业倦怠得分、母亲抑郁得分、消极教养方式得分与青少年抑郁得分呈显著正相关（P<0.05），而积极教养方式得分与青少年抑郁得分呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。母亲抑郁、教养方式在职业倦怠与青少年抑郁间起中介作用，包括母亲抑郁的独立中介、积极教养方式的独立中介及抑郁-消极/积极教养方式的链式中介。结论 母亲的职业倦怠可通过抑郁、教养方式、抑郁-教养方式3条中介路径影响青少年抑郁，提示降低母亲职业倦怠、改善母亲的抑郁情绪、增加积极教养行为、减少消极教养行为，有助于减少青少年抑郁症状的发生。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect.Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style.Conclusions Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.