嵌合抗原受体T细胞在儿童复发难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病中的研究进展

Recent research on chimeric antigen receptor T cells in children with refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia

摘要:

目前儿童复发难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗仍处于困境，即使提高化疗强度或联合造血干细胞移植，仍有部分患儿预后差，生存期短。嵌合抗原受体T细胞（chimeric antigen receptor T-cell，CAR-T）免疫疗法通过基因工程修饰T细胞，并利用不依赖于人类白细胞抗原途径识别肿瘤特异性抗原，靶向结合目标抗原细胞，触发免疫反应，从而发挥持续的抗白血病效应。作为发展最为迅速的肿瘤免疫疗法，CAR-T细胞在多种血液肿瘤的治疗中取得了突破性的进展，但目前国内尚未建立全面的CAR-T细胞研发生产体系和规范的临床诊治方案。该文就CAR-T细胞在儿童复发难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病中的研究进展作一综述。

Abstract:

At present, the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia is still in a difficult situation, and even if the intensity of chemotherapy is increased or it is combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, some children may have a poor prognosis and a short survival time. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy uses genetically engineered T cells and does not rely on the human leukocyte antigen pathway to recognize tumor-specific antigens, and then CAR-T cells bind to target antigen cells to trigger immune response, thereby exerting a sustained anti-leukemia effect. As the most rapidly developed tumor immunotherapy, major breakthroughs have been made for CAR-T cells in the treatment of various hematological tumors, but there still lacks a comprehensive system for the research, development, and production of CAR-T cells and standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols in China. This article reviews the recent research on CAR-T cells in children with refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.