循环肿瘤DNA作为实体肿瘤微小残留病标志物的研究进展

Research progress on circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for minimal residual disease in solid tumors

摘要:

循环肿瘤DNA（circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA）作为评估肿瘤的新标志物，具有高灵敏度和特异度、创伤小且无放射性等优点，目前有基因测序及聚合酶链式反应等多种检测ctDNA的方法。利用ctDNA监测微小残留病（minimal residual disease, MRD），可纵向评估肿瘤情况及早期发现肿瘤复发，其灵敏度达0.01%。因此ctDNA有望成为对实体肿瘤的早期诊断、监测治疗反应和预测预后的生物标志物。该文综述了目前检测ctDNA的常用方法及其在评估肿瘤MRD和指导临床诊疗上的优势。

Abstract:

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a novel biomarker for tumor evaluation, offering advantages such as high sensitivity and specificity, minimal invasiveness, and absence of radiation. Currently, various techniques including gene sequencing and PCR are employed for ctDNA detection. The utilization of ctDNA for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) enables comprehensive assessment of tumor status and early identification of tumor recurrence, achieving a remarkable detection sensitivity of 0.01%. Therefore, ctDNA holds promise as a biomarker for early diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, and prognosis prediction in solid tumors. This article reviews the commonly used methods for detecting ctDNA and their advantages in evaluating tumor MRD and guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.