早产与高血压的关系

The association between preterm birth and hypertension

摘要:

近年来，全球早产儿数量呈上升趋势，其长期预后，特别是早产儿成年后心血管的预后，日益受到关注。早产儿成年后心血管疾病风险较高，其可能与心血管结构改变、肾脏结构改变、身体成分改变、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴过度激活等因素有关。为改善早产儿预后，需进行长期随访监测并采取有效的防治措施。该文旨在回顾相关文献，总结早产儿在儿童期及成年期发生高血压的风险、相关机制等，以提高对早产儿成年后高血压风险的重视及认识。

Abstract:

In recent years, the number of premature births worldwide has been increasing, and their long-term prognoses, particularly the cardiovascular outcomes of preterm individuals in adulthood, have become a growing concern. Adults who were born prematurely are at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, which may be related to changes in cardiovascular structure, renal structure alterations, changes in body composition, and overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To improve the outcomes for preterm individuals, long-term follow-up monitoring and effective prevention and treatment measures are necessary. This article aims to review the relevant literature, summarize the risks and mechanisms of hypertension during childhood and adulthood in those born prematurely, and enhance awareness and understanding of the risk of hypertension in adults who were born prematurely.