新生儿慢性肉芽肿病胸部计算机断层扫描的特征分析

Chest computed tomography manifestations in neonates with chronic granulomatous disease

摘要:

目的 总结新生儿期起病的慢性肉芽肿病（chronic granulomatous disease, CGD）胸部计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）特征，为新生儿CGD早期诊断提供线索。方法 对安徽省儿童医院2015年1月—2022年12月确诊为CGD的新生儿胸部CT临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 共纳入9例CGD新生儿，首发症状有呼吸道症状者8例。胸部CT结果中，实变9例；结节9例，为双肺多发、散在大小不等结节；团块4例；空洞3例；脓肿6例；支气管狭窄2例；胸腔积液、间质改变、纵隔淋巴结肿大各1例；CT增强扫描示结节、团块呈现不均匀或环形强化；未见肺气肿、肺钙化、晕轮征、新月征、支气管扩张、瘢痕病变，未见肋骨、椎体骨等骨质破坏。9例患儿中，真菌感染8例，其中曲霉菌感染6例，包括曲霉菌混合其他病原体感染3例，团块多见于曲霉菌混合感染（3/4）。结论 新生儿CGD胸部CT主要表现为实变、结节和/或团块，曲霉菌为感染常见病原，上述特点可以成为新生儿CGD的早期诊断线索。

Abstract:

Objective To study chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations in neonates with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) to provide clues for early diagnosis of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and chest CT scan results of neonates diagnosed with CGD from January 2015 to December 2022 at Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital.Results Nine neonates with CGD were included, with eight presenting respiratory symptoms as the initial sign. Chest CT findings included: consolidation in all 9 cases; nodules in all 9 cases, characterized by multiple, variably sized scattered nodules in both lungs; masses in 4 cases; cavities in 3 cases; abscesses in 6 cases; bronchial stenosis in 2 cases; pleural effusion, interstitial changes, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy each in 1 case. CT enhancement scans showed nodules and masses with uneven or ring-shaped enhancement; no signs of pulmonary emphysema, lung calcification, halo signs, crescent signs, bronchiectasis, or scar lesions were observed. There was no evidence of rib or vertebral bone destruction. Fungal infections were present in 8 of the 9 cases, including 6 with Aspergillus infections; three of these involved mixed infections with Aspergillus, with masses most commonly associated with mixed Aspergillus infections (3/4).Conclusions The primary manifestations of neonatal CGD on chest CT are consolidation, nodules, and/or masses, with Aspergillus as a common pathogen. These features can serve as early diagnostic clues for neonatal CGD.