儿童艰难梭菌感染的治疗进展

Advances in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in children

摘要:

儿童艰难梭菌感染（Clostridium difficile infection, CDI）是医院获得性胃肠道感染的主要原因。目前对儿童CDI的治疗主要是抗菌药物，然而部分儿童在抗生素治疗后出现复发，甚至首次复发的儿童使用抗生素治疗后仍有再复发可能，此时对治疗方案的选择需要慎重，粪菌移植治疗被证明可用于复发性CDI且安全性较高。该文就国内外儿童CDI发病机制、危险因素、诊断及治疗的最新研究进展作一综述，并对粪菌移植治疗作重点概述。

Abstract:

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infections in children. Current treatment for pediatric CDI primarily involves antibiotics; however, some children experience recurrence after antibiotic treatment, and those with initial recurrence remain at risk for further recurrences following subsequent antibiotic therapy. In such cases, careful consideration of treatment options is necessary. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been shown to be effective for recurrent CDI and has a high safety profile. This article reviews the latest research on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric CDI domestically and internationally, with a particular focus on fecal microbiota transplantation therapy.