先天性心脏病相关性神经发育障碍的研究进展

Research progress on neurodevelopmental disorders associated with congenital heart disease

摘要:

儿童神经发育障碍发生率与致残率均较高，已成为影响全球儿童健康的重大公共卫生问题。先天性心脏病患儿神经发育障碍（congenital heart disease associated neurodevelopmental disorder, CHDNDD）尤为常见，不同先天性心脏病类型、手术方式、年龄阶段，以及发生不同并发症或合并症时其临床特点各有不同。近年来，基于“早期诊断、早期治疗”的干预模式，国外开始探讨高危儿神经发育障碍的预防性早期干预新技术，并取得较好效果。该文就CHDNDD临床特点进行综述，以期为先天性心脏病患儿正确进行预防性早期干预新技术提供理论依据，从而进一步降低CHDNDD发生率。

Abstract:

The incidence and disability rate of neurodevelopmental disorders in children are high, making it a significant public health issue affecting children's health globally. Neurodevelopmental disorders are particularly common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), with clinical characteristics varying by type of CHD, surgical approach, age stage, and the presence of different complications or comorbidities. In recent years, based on the intervention model of "early diagnosis and early treatment," foreign studies have begun to explore new techniques for preventive early intervention in high-risk children with neurodevelopmental disorders, achieving promising results. This paper reviews the clinical characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CHD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for implementing new preventive early intervention techniques for children with CHD, thereby further reducing the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CHD.