南昌地区儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的流行特征及与气候环境因素的相关性

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children in Nanchang and its correlation with climate environmental factors

摘要:

目的 探讨南昌地区儿童呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）感染的流行特征及与气候环境因素的相关性。方法 收集2019年1月—2023年12月在江西省儿童医院检测了RSV，且来自南昌地区的急性呼吸道感染患儿的临床资料，并收集同期南昌地区气候环境数据。探讨RSV的流行特征及与气候环境因素的相关性。结果 2019年1月—2023年12月共178 127例急性呼吸道感染患儿进行了RSV检测，阳性检出率为8.35%（14 873/178 127）。男性阳性检出率为8.92%（10 137/113 660），高于女性（7.35%，4 736/64 467）。不同年龄组的RSV阳性检出率之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），其中0~<3月龄组的RSV阳性检出率最高（14.38%，3 328/23 142）。2019、2020、2022年RSV阳性检出高峰在冬春季节，2023年在春夏季节，2021年无季节性。RSV阳性检出率与平均湿度、平均气压、月PM_2.5及月一氧化碳均值呈正相关（P<0.05），与平均风速、平均气温、月臭氧最大8 h值呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 南昌地区急性呼吸道感染儿童RSV阳性检出率男性高于女性；在各年龄段患儿中，0~<3月龄婴儿检出率最高；多为冬春季节性流行；低气温、低风速及高湿度、高PM_2.5浓度、高一氧化碳浓度等可增加儿童RSV感染风险。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children in Nanchang and its correlation with climate environmental factors.Methods The clinical data were collected from children with acute respiratory infection in Nanchang who were tested for RSV at Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023, along with climate environmental data for the same period. The epidemiological characteristics of RSV and their correlation with climate environmental factors were investigated.Results A total of 178 127 children underwent RSV testing from January 2019 to December 2023, with a positive detection rate of 8.35% (14 873/178 127). The positive detection rate in males was 8.92% (10 137/113 660), which was higher than that in females (7.35%, 4 736/64 467). The differences in RSV positive detection rates among different age groups were statistically significant (P<0.001), with the highest rate observed in the 0 to <3 months age group (14.38%, 3 328/23 142). Peaks in RSV positive detection occurred during winter and spring periods in 2019, 2020, and 2022, while in 2023, it occurred in spring and summer periods, with no seasonality noted in 2021. The RSV positive detection rate showed a positive correlation with average humidity, average atmospheric pressure, monthly PM_2.5, and monthly carbon monoxide levels (P<0.05), while it showed a negative correlation with average wind speed, average temperature, and maximum 8-hour ozone levels (P<0.05).Conclusions In Nanchang, the RSV positive detection rate in children with acute respiratory infection is higher in males than in females. Among children of all age groups, the infants aged 0 to <3 months have the highest detection rate of RSV. RSV infection predominantly occurs in winter and spring periods. Lower temperatures, lower wind speeds, higher humidity, and elevated levels of PM_2.5 and carbon monoxide may increase the risk of RSV infection in children.