中国7~12岁儿童生长迟缓与肥胖并存的共病调查与影响因素分析

A comorbidity survey of growth retardation and obesity in Chinese children aged 7-12 years and analysis of influencing factors

摘要:

目的 分析 2010—2020年中国7~12岁儿童生长迟缓型肥胖的变化趋势及影响因素，为制定儿童体质健康干预措施提供依据。方法 选取中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies, CFPS）2010—2020年调查中16 289名7~12岁儿童的身高及体重指数数据，分析2010—2020年不同性别和城乡间生长迟缓率、肥胖率和生长迟缓型肥胖率的流行趋势，以及儿童生长迟缓型肥胖的影响因素。结果 2010—2020年中国7~12岁儿童生长迟缓率、生长迟缓型肥胖率总体水平呈下降趋势（P<0.05）；按性别、城乡分组，2010—2020年除乡村男女儿童组、乡村儿童组、女性儿童组外，其余各组肥胖率总体水平呈上升趋势（P<0.05）；男性及乡村儿童的生长迟缓率、肥胖率、生长迟缓型肥胖率总体水平分别高于女性及城市儿童，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；城乡、年龄、性别、年份是7~12岁儿童生长迟缓、生长迟缓型肥胖的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 中国7~12岁儿童的生长迟缓率、肥胖率及生长迟缓型肥胖率存在性别、城乡差异，应重点关注和预防男性及乡村儿童的生长迟缓型肥胖。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the changing trends and influencing factors for growth retardation-related obesity in Chinese children aged 7-12 years in 2010-2020, providing a basis for formulating physical health interventions for children.Methods The data of body height and body mass index were collected from 16 289 children aged 7-12 years in the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2010-2020, and the trends of growth retardation, obesity, and growth retardation-related obesity in 2010-2020 were analyzed and compared between different sexes and between urban and rural areas.Results From 2010 to 2020, the overall rates of growth retardation and growth retardation-related obesity among children aged 7-12 years in China showed a declining trend (P<0.05). By gender and urban-rural classification, the overall obesity rate from 2010 to 2020 showed an increasing trend in all groups except for the rural male and female children groups, the rural children group, and the female children group (P<0.05). The prevalence rates of growth retardation, obesity, and growth retardation-related obesity in male children were significantly higher than those in female children, and similarly, these indicators were also significantly higher in rural children compared to urban children (P<0.05). Urban/rural residence, age, sex, and year were influencing factors for growth retardation and growth retardation-related obesity in children aged 7-12 years (P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of growth retardation, obesity, and growth retardation-related obesity among Chinese children aged 7-12 years shows gender and urban-rural disparities, which highlights the needs for targeted interventions for boys and children in rural areas.