《新生儿常见呼吸道病毒感染预防的专家建议》解读——新生儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染面临的问题

Interpretation of "Expert recommendations for the prevention of common respiratory viral infections in neonates": problems faced by respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates

摘要:

新生儿是呼吸道病毒感染的易感人群，在一些新生儿聚集的场所，如月子中心、新生儿病房，有暴发流行的报道。针对流行性感冒已经有特异性的抗病毒药物，但是对于呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）而言，主要治疗措施则是对症支持治疗，因此预防尤为关键。该文紧扣《新生儿常见呼吸道病毒感染预防的专家建议》，围绕近年来有突破性进展的RSV防控进行深入解读，包括新生儿生理及免疫特点、RSV感染的疾病负担及传播途径、新生儿RSV感染的主要临床表现和远期危害，以及RSV特异性预防手段、国外具体操作推荐及预防经验，为中国新生儿RSV防控奠定基础。

Abstract:

Neonates are susceptible to respiratory viral infections, with outbreaks reported in areas with a high population of neonates, such as postpartum care centers and neonatal wards. While specific antiviral drugs are currently available for influenza, symptomatic supportive treatment remains the primary approach for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), making prevention particularly important. The article closely follows the "Expert recommendations for the prevention of common respiratory viral infections in neonates" and provides an in-depth interpretation of recent breakthroughs in RSV prevention. It discusses the physiological and immunological characteristics of neonates, the disease burden and transmission routes of RSV infection, the main clinical manifestations and long-term effects of RSV infection in neonates, as well as specific preventive measures against RSV and practical recommendations and prevention experiences for RSV from abroad to lay a foundation for RSV prevention and control in neonates in China.