908例哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验分析

Results of skin prick test in 908 children with asthma

摘要:

目的：分析哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验结果，探讨皮肤点刺试验的临床应用及理论价值。 方法：使用丹麦爱尔开-阿贝优公司的吸入组点刺试剂和德国默克公司生产的阿罗格食入组点刺试剂进行皮肤点刺试验，组胺液为阳性对照，生理盐水为阴性对照。结果：①908例哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验阳性率为77.4%。吸入变应原总阳性率76.9%，吸入变应原中以粉尘螨和屋尘螨阳性率居高，分别为72.4%和74.7%；食入变应原总阳性率37.1%，食入变应原在前3位的为小虾22.9%，金枪鱼7.3%，蚌6.7%。②皮肤点刺结果为强阳性（++++）的以粉尘螨和屋尘螨为主，分别为64.0%和66.4%，其次为霉菌1，阳性率为7.1%。③1～14岁哮喘儿童吸入变应原与食入变应原阳性率随年龄增加均有升高趋势，在各年龄分组中吸入变应原与食入变应原各年龄组两两比较差异均有显著性意义（P<0.05）。结论：908例哮喘儿童皮肤点刺试验有较高的变应原检出率，对哮喘的流行病学调查及特异性免疫治疗均有一定的指导意义。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（7）：559-561］

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To report the results of skin prick test in 908 children with asthma in order to provide references for treatment of asthma. METHODS: Skin prick test was performed using ALK-Abelló's inhaled prick reagents and the German Merck company's food prick reagents. Histamine was used for positive control, and normal saline, for negative control. RESULTS: Skin prick test showed positive in 703 cases (77.4%). The positive rates of inhaled and food allergens were 76.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Dermatophagoides culinae and house dust mite were two common inhaled allergens (72.4% and 74.7% respectively). Shrimp was the most common food allergen (22.9%), followed by tuna (7.3%) and mussels (6.7%). The strongest response of skin prick test was usually caused by dermatophagoides culinae (64.0%) and house dust mite (66.4%), followed by mould 1 (7.1%). The positive rate of inhaled and food allergens increased with increasing age (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The positive rate of skin prick test in the 908 children with asthma was higher. These results of this study may be useful in an epidemiological survey and specific immunotherapy of asthma..［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (7):559-561］