住院新生儿1 434例分析

Investigation of birth state and disease spectrum in 1 434 hospitalized neonates

摘要:

目的：了解我院2005年产科出生新生儿的出生状况和新生儿科住院病人的疾病谱。方法：对我院2005年1月至12月期间出生或住院的1 434例新生儿的流行病学资料进行回顾性分析，并与同期全国资料作比较。结果：①该时期在我院产科出生的新生儿共1 100例，早产儿比率为2.3％；剖宫产比率为54.2%，高于全国资料（49.2%，P<0.01）；新生儿死亡率为0.2％；早产儿的母亲中产前出血、先兆流产及孕期感染的发生率明显高于分娩足月儿的母亲。②该时期在我院儿科住院新生儿共有334例，早产儿占38.0%。与全国资料比较，住院新生儿中早产儿、窒息、呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）、败血症、颅内出血等疾病的比例明显高于全国资料。住院新生儿病死率为 0.9％。结论：①我院过高的剖宫产率有待于控制；②做好孕期保健和胎儿监测工作，减少早产儿、RDS、败血症和颅内出血的发生率有助于进一步降低我院新生儿死亡率。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（9）：736-739］

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the birth state of neonates and the disease spectrum of hospitalized neonates from a primary hospital, and compare with the national data of the same period. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was carried out in 1 434 neonates born or hospitalized in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2005. RESULTS: During the investigation period, there were 1 100 neonates born in the department of obstetrics. The incidence of premature birth was 2.3%. The caesarean birth accounted for 54.2%, significantly higher than the national average (49.2%, P<0.01). The neonatal mortality was 0.2%. The incidences of antepartum hemorrhage, threatened abortion, and pregnancy infection in preterm infant's mothers were significantly higher than those in full-term infant's mothers. A total of 344 neonates were admitted to the department of pediatrics during the investigation period. Preterm infants accounted for 38.0% which was higher than the national average (26.2%; P<0.01). Beside preterm infants, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage were shown to have a significantly higher proportion than the national averages. The mortality of hospitalized neonates was 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The higher cesarean section rate should be controlled in our hospital. Prenatal health care and fetal monitoring should be strengthened to decrease the incidence of premature birth, RDS, sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage, thus reducing the mortality of neonates.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (9):736-739］