《中国当代儿科杂志》是教育部主管、中南大学主办的儿科专业学术期刊,是中国科技论文统计源期刊,中国科学引文数据库来源期刊(CSCD),北京大学图书馆中文核心期刊,已被美国国立图书馆MEDLINE,美国化学文摘(CA),荷兰医学文摘(EM)等国际著名的检索系统收录。本刊从2009年起改为月刊,每月 15 日出版,每期 80 页,国内外公开发行。中国连续出版物号为:CN 43-1301/R;ISSN 1008-8830。本刊内容以儿科临床与基础研究并重,报道当代儿科领域的前沿基础与临床研究的新发现、新进展与新动态。本刊宗旨是“反映当代,面向世界”。主要读者对象为广大儿科临床工作者和科研人员。
目的 探讨婴幼儿2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的临床特点及胸部CT表现。方法 收集并回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月10日经核酸检测确诊为COVID-19的婴幼儿(0~3岁)患者的临床资料及胸部CT资料。结果 9例患儿均有流行病学史,呈家庭聚集性发病。9例患儿中无症状5例,发热4例,咳嗽2例,流涕1例,均无呼吸系统以外症状。9例患儿实验室检查均未见白细胞及淋巴细胞计数减少,其中6例淋巴细胞计数升高及2例白细胞计数升高。9例患儿中8例CT显示肺部炎症,病灶均位于胸膜下或叶间裂下,3例病灶同时沿支气管血管束分布;病灶形态以结节状(6例)及小斑片状(7例)为主;6例病灶呈磨玻璃影及实变影共存,其中3例可见"晕征",未见典型"铺路石征"。结论 婴幼儿COVID-19患者临床症状轻,影像学表现不如成人典型,其诊断需结合流行病学史及核酸检测综合判断,胸部CT对于无症状患儿的早期诊断有指导意义。
The recent ongoing outbreak of severe pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), currently of unknown origin, creates a world emergency that has put global public health institutions on high alert. At present there is limited clinical information of the SARS-CoV-2 and there is no specific treatment recommended, although technical guidances and suggestions have been developed and will continue to be updated as additional information becomes available. Preventive treatment has an important role to control and avoid the spread of severe respiratory disease, but often is difficult to obtain and sometimes cannot be effective to reduce the risk of deterioration of the underlining lung pathology. In order to define an effective and safe treatment for SARS-CoV-2-associated disease, we provide considerations on the actual treatments, on how to avoid complications and the undesirable side effects related to them and to select and apply earlier the most appropriate treatment. Approaching to treat severe respiratory disease in infants and children, the risks related to the development of atelectasis starting invasive or non-invasive ventilation support and the risk of oxygen toxicity must be taken into serious consideration. For an appropriate and effective approach to treat severe pediatric respiratory diseases, two main different strategies can be proposed according to the stage and severity of the patient conditions:patient in the initial phase and with non-severe lung pathology and patient with severe initial respiratory impairment and/or with delay in arrival to observation. The final outcome is strictly connected with the ability to apply an appropriate treatment early and to reduce all the complications that can arise during the intensive care admission.
早产儿营养补给的目标是使早产儿能够达到同胎龄健康胎儿的正常生长速率,并且在器官生长、组织成分、以及细胞数量和结构方面也能达到健康胎儿水平。营养物质的数量与质量对于早产儿的正常生长发育、包括神经系统发育是至关重要的。基本营养素的供给不足不仅会造成生长受限,而且会增加病死率或影响神经发育结局。早产儿在NICU住院期间的生长速率在神经发育及整个人体发育的结局中发挥了重要作用。尽管对于最佳营养的需求非常明显,但早产儿生长落后的例子比比皆是。因此,根据总的能量及蛋白质需求以及个体成分如氨基酸、碳水化合物及脂肪,甚至细化到氧气的需求来优化早产儿的营养是非常必要的。该综述阐述了早产儿科学合理的营养需求、具有实用性的营养指南以及早产儿静脉营养、肠内营养的方法步骤。包括氨基酸在内的静脉营养,应该从一出生便按照相应胎龄所适合的速率开始补充。肠内营养则应在出生后尽早开始,首选母亲的初乳和牛奶。肠内营养应根据热能需要开始建立并在能耐受的范围内快速增加,保持营养摄入在推荐速率的同时相应地减少静脉营养摄入量。制定一个合理的喂养方案对于改善营养状况及相关的转归是重要的。什么是早产儿的最佳营养和生长速率尚有待于进一步的研究来确定,这种最佳营养不仅能使早产儿神经认知得到最充分的发育,同时还要最大程度地限制其远期发生慢性疾病的风险。
自2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市发生严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染肺炎流行,成人病例较多,儿童病例,尤其是新生儿病例报道少见。大多数SARS-CoV-2感染儿童以呼吸道症状为主,临床症状较轻,消化道症状较少。武汉儿童医院近日收治1名首发症状为吐奶伴拒乳的SARS-CoV-2感染新生儿,经过2周的治疗,患儿病情逐渐好转并已出院。现报告此病例,旨在增强对新生儿SARS-CoV-2感染的认识。