Dietary predictors of childhood obesity in a representative sample of children in north east of Iran

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iranian youngsters. This study aimed to assess some dietary determinants of obesity in a representative sample of children in Neishabour, a city in northeastern, Iran. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted among 114 school students, aged 6-12 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th (based on percentile of Iranian children) as the case group and 102 age- and gender-matched controls, who were selected from their non-obese classmates. Nutrient intake data were collected by trained nutritionists by using two 24-hour-dietary recalls through maternal interviews in the presence of their child. A food frequency questionnaire was used for detecting the snack consumption patterns. Statistical analysis was done using univariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) by SPSS version 16. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression, total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat (including saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated fat), and dietary fiber were the positive predictors of obesity in studied children. The estimated crude ORs for frequency of corn-based extruded snacks, carbonated beverages, potato chips, fast foods, and chocolate consumption were statistically significant. After MLR analysis, the association of obesity remained significant with energy intake (OR=2.489, 95%CI: 1.667-3.716), frequency of corn-based extruded snacks (OR=1.122, 95%CI: 1.007-1.250), and potato chips (OR=1.143, 95%CI:1.024-1.276). The MLR analysis showed that dietary fiber (OR=0.601, 95%CI: 0.368-0.983) and natural fruit juice intake (OR=0.909, 95%CI: 0.835-0.988) were protective factors against obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings serve to confirm the role of an unhealthy diet, notably calorie-dense snacks, in childhood obesity. Healthy dietary habits, such as the consumption of high-fiber foods, should be encouraged among children.