Effect of early caffeine treatment on the need for respirator therapy in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract:

Objective To study the efficacy of early caffeine treatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods A prospective controlled clinical trial was performed. A total of 59 preterm infants with RDS were enrolled and divided into a caffeine group (30 infants) and a control group (29 infants). Caffeine was administered in the caffeine group and control group at the same dosage at 12-24 hours after birth and before extubation respectively. The respirator parameters and the incidence rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and apnea were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the caffeine group had significantly lower peak inspiratory pressure, peak fraction of inspired oxygen, and incidence rate of VAP (P < 0.05), as well as significantly shorter intubation time, NCPAP time, and total duration of oxygen supply (P < 0.05). In addition, the caffeine group had a significantly longer time to first onset of apnea after extubation (P < 0.05) and significantly fewer times of onset of apnea 1-2 days after extubation (P < 0.01), as compared with the control group. Conclusions Early caffeine treatment can reduce the need for assisted ventilation in preterm infants with RDS, help with early extubation and ventilator weaning, reduce the oxygen time in the late stage, reduce the incidence of VAP, and prevent the development of apnea after extubation.