Long-term prognosis of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the long-term prognosis of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods A total of 83 preterm infants with NEC who survived and were discharged between December 2014 and September 2016 were enrolled and divided into surgery group (n=57) and non-surgery group (n=26). There were 0, 33 and 24 cases of stage I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ NEC respectively in the surgery group and 7, 19 and 0 cases respectively in the non-surgery group. The physical development and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the infants were followed up after discharge.Results Of the 83 infants, the mean corrected age at the end of follow-up was 21±6 months. Of the 83 infants, 31 (37%) had subnormal body weight, and the surgery group had a higher rate of subnormal body weight than the non-surgery group (P < 0.05). Twenty-two infants (27%) had subnormal body length and 14 children (17%) had subnormal head circumference among the 83 infants. Eighteen infants (22%) had motor developmental delay/developmental disorders, and the surgery group had a higher incidence rate of the disorders than the non-surgery group (28% vs 8%; P < 0.05). Five infants (6%) were diagnosed with cerebral palsy, among whom 4 were in the surgery group and 1 was in the non-surgery group.Conclusions Long-term physical development and neurodevelopmental outcomes may be adversely affected in neonates with NEC, in particular in those with severe conditions who need surgical treatment, suggesting that long-term follow-up should be performed for neonates with NEC.