Predictive factors for failure of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in infants with bronchiolitis

Abstract:

Objective To study the predictive factors for the failure of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in infants with bronchiolitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 310 hospitalized children (aged 1-12 months) with bronchiolitis treated with CPAP. Their clinical features were compared between the successful treatment group (270 cases) and the failed treatment group (40 cases). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictive factors for failure of CPAP treatment. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the score of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) ≥10 (OR=13.905), development of atelectasis (OR=12.080), comorbidity of cardiac insufficiency (OR=7.741), and no improvement in oxygenation index (arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inhaled oxygen, P/F) after 2 hours of CPAP treatment (OR=34.084) were predictive factors for failure of CPAP treatment for bronchiolitis (P < 0.05). In predicting CPAP treatment failure, no improvement in P/F after 2 hours of CPAP treatment had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.793, with a sensitivity of 70.3% and a specificity of 82.4% at a cut-off value of 203. Conclusions No improvement in P/F after 2 hours of CPAP treatment, PRISM III score ≥10, development of atelectasis, and comorbidity of cardiac insufficiency can be used as predictive factors for CPAP treatment failure in infants with bronchiolitis.