Application of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction in neonates

Abstract:

Objective To study the value of fractional anisotropy (FA) of regions of interest (ROI) on magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction in neonates. Methods A total of 91 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were hospitalized from January 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled. According to the peak level of total serum bilirubin, they were divided into three groups:mild/moderate increase (n=45), severe increase (n=35), and extremely severe increase (n=11). According to the presence or absence of abnormal neurological manifestations, they were divided into two groups:neurological dysfunction (n=20) and non-neurological dysfunction (n=71). Ten healthy full-term infants were enrolled as the control group. Head DTI was performed for all neonates to measure the FA values of the bilateral globus pallidus, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the cerebellar dentate nucleus. Results The extremely severe increase group had significantly lower FA values of the globus pallidus than the control, mild/moderate increase, and severe increase groups (P < 0.05). The severe increase group had significantly lower FA values of the globus pallidus than the control group (P < 0.05). The extremely severe increase group had significantly lower FA values of the posterior limb of the internal capsule than the control, mild/moderate increase, and severe increase groups (P < 0.05). The neurological dysfunction group had significantly lower FA values of the globus pallidus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule than the non-neurological dysfunction group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Serum bilirubin level combined with the changes in the DTI FA values of the globus pallidus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule can be used to predict the injury of cerebral nuclei and white matter fibers.