A review on the effect of Claudin-18 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Abstract:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has the main manifestations of pulmonary edema in the early stage and characteristic alveolar obstruction and microvascular dysplasia in the late stage, which may be caused by structural and functional destruction of the lung epithelial barrier. The Claudin family is the main component of tight junction and plays an important role in regulating the permeability of paracellular ions and solutes. Claudin-18 is the only known tight junction protein solely expressed in the lung. The lack of Claudin-18 can lead to barrier dysfunction and impaired alveolar development, and the knockout of Claudin-18 can cause characteristic histopathological changes of BPD. This article elaborates on the important role of Claudin-18 in the development and progression of BPD from the aspects of lung epithelial permeability, alveolar development, and progenitor cell homeostasis, so as to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of BPD.