Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To study the exact changes of cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and autoimmunity in children with viral myocarditis in order to guide the immune therapy. METHODS: Using the flow cytometer the levels of CD23 and CD3/HLA-DR were detected in 52 children with viral myocarditis and 30 healthy children, and the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were measured by the method of turbidimetry. RESULTS: In the acute and procrastinating stages of viral myocarditis, the levels of CD23 and IgG, IgA, IgM, CD3+/HLA-DR+ and CD3-/HLA-DR+ were significantly elevated compared with the control group (P<0.01). The elevation of CD23 was positively correlated with the elevation of IgG, IgA and IgM. There was no obvious difference in any of the immunogical indices measured between the acute and procrastinating stages of viral myocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the acute and procrastinating stages of viral myocarditis were in an enhancing state. It indicates that the cellular immunity and humoral immunity might be involved in the immune damage of children with viral myocarditis.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of Phadiatop test and specific IgE test in the diagnosis of children with asthma. METHODS: Using Flo ELISA, Phadiatop, specific IgE and total IgE of serum were determined in 153 cases with asthma and 40 cases with bronchopneumonia. RESULTS: The positive rates of Phadiatop and specific IgE in the asthma group (66.01% and 59.48%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bronchopneumonia group (12.5% and 7.5%, respectively)(P<0.05). Phadiatop test had a sensitivity of 0.66 and a specificity of 0.88, and sIgE test to dust mite had a sensitivity of 0.59 and a specificity of 0.93 respectively. There was a concordant result of 94% between the two tests. CONCLUSIONS: Phadiatop test is a useful screening test for the diagnosis of asthma. sIgE test is further needed for the Phadiatop test positive cases.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical significance of the changes of cardiac troponin I (cTnl) in Kawasaki disease (KD) before and after the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). METHODS: Concentrations of serum cTnl, Creatine kinase (CK), Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) were measured in the KD group (n=58) before and after the treatment with IVIG and in the control group (n=23). RESULTS: ① There was no significant difference in serum CK, LDH and GOT concentrations between the KD group and the control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the serum concentrations of cTnl between the two groups ［(0.62±1.08) μg/L vs (0.06±0.06) μg/L］( P<0.01). ② There was significant difference in cTnl before and after the treatment with IVIG ［(0.62±1.08) μg/L vs (0.08±0.15) μg/L］(P<0.01). But no significant difference was found in CK, LDH and GOT before and after the treatment with IVIG (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of cTnl may be a useful serologic test for the early diagnosis of myocarditis or myocardial cell injury. Early IVIG therapy can prevent cardiovascular pathology in KD patients and cTnl can be used as an index to evaluate the effect of the treatment with IVIG.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) compared with creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) in the diagnosis and progress of myocarditis in children. METHODS: Serum samples from 38 children with viral myocarditis, 24 children with non myocarditis disease and 22 healthy controls were examined for cTnI by the rapid immunochromatographic test and CK-MB was examined by enzymatic velocity analysis. CVB1-6 IgM was determined using ELISA. RESULTS: The positive rates of cTnI and CK-MB in the myocarditis group were 89.5% and 60.5%, which were significantly higher than those in the nonmyocarditis group (8.3% and 29.2% respectively) and healthy control group (0) (P<0.05). 82.4% of positive cTnI occurred within one week of the onset. There were no differences in the positive rates of cTnI and CK-MB between the CVB1-6 IgM positive group and the negative one. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of cTnI in the diagnosis of myocardial injury are superior to the CK-MB test and the diagnostic window of cTnI may be wider. cTnI appears to be an excellent new clinical marker for the diagnosis and the evaluation of prognosis of myocarditis.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of glucocorticoid on serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in children with the nephrotic syndrome (NS). METHODS: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in serum were detected using ELISA in 24 children with NS before and after the treatment with glucocorticoids. RESULTS: Significant differences of IL-1 ［(195±25) ng/L vs (120±25) ng/L］, IL-6 ［(355±62) ng/L vs (200±23) ng/L］, IL-8 ［(286±55) ng/L vs (178±32) ng/L］ and TNFα ［(265±36) ng/L vs (110±40) ng/L］ were found between the two groups before and after the treatment (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that glucocorticoids might inhibit serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in children with NS.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children. METHODS: The multiple pathogens of 246 cases of ALRI were studied by the culture of bacteria and Mycoplasma pneumoniae of sputum and the methods of alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) and ELISA. RESULTS: Of the 246 patients with ALRI, 50.4% were viral infection, 4.1% were due to bacterial infection and 27.2% were viral mixed with bacterial infection. The incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was 5.7% and unknown pathogens were approximately 12.6%. There was no simple bacterial or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the bronchiolitis group, and no simple bacterial infection in the bronchitis group was found either. The rate of mixed infection in the under 1 year old patients was higher than that in the over 1 year old group (χ2=13.77,P<0.05).The level of serum Creactive protein (CRP) in children with bacteria infection was higher than that in children with viral infection (χ2=34.44，P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Viral and mixed infections are prominent pathogens of ALRI. Mixed infection is the most common in infants with ALRI. CRP estimation may be helpful in distinguishing bacterial infection from viral infection early.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To study serum insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in children with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and to explore the relationship between GH IGF-I axis and blood sugar. METHODS: ELISA and immunoradioassay were used respectively for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 determination in 63 children with type I DM and 47 normal children. RESULTS: ①Before puberty, there was no statistical difference in serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 between the diabetic group and control group; but in puberty, serum levels of IGF-I［(178.2±65.9) ng/ml］ and IGFBP-3［(2 956.0±847.6) ng/ml］ in the diabetic group were significantly lower than those of the control group ［(229.6±54.5) ng/ml, (3 393.2±748.9) ng/ml］(P<0.01 or 0.05). ② Serum levels of IGF-I andIGFBP-3 ［(143.0±67.5) and (2 740.0±449.8) ng/ml］ were elevated in children with recent onset type I DM after insulin therapy compared with the pre treatment group ［(54.8±44.3) and (2 233.8±336.2) ng/ml］(P<0.05). ③ In the diabetic group, HbA IC was negatively correlated to serum levels of IGF-I (r=-0.32, P<0.01) and IGFBP-3 (r=-0.29, P<0.05). ④ In the diabetic group, HbAIC and insulin dose in puberty were higher than those in prepuberty ［(9.0±1.8)% vs (7.8±1.8)%, (0.86±0.30) U/kg vs (0.64±0.38) U/kg］(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 decrease in children with type I DM, especially during puberty. This suggests that GHIGF-I axis is severely disturbed in these adolescents, probably an important cause of poor blood sugar control.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To study the levels of Tenascin (TN) mRNA in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension(PH) induced by monocrataline (MCT). METHODS: SD rats were randomly assigned into the control (CON) group and MCT group. The model of PH was created by injecting hypodermatic MCT. Rapid competitive RT PCR was used to examine the levels of TN mRNA in central pulmonary arteries (PAs) and lungs at different times after MCT or NS injections. RESULTS: Increased expression of TN mRNA was detected 7 days after the injection of MCT. The expression of TN mRNA in lungs of the MCT group (0.56±0.08) was higher than that of the CON group (0.29±0.04)，P<0.01. TN mRNA in PAs of the MCT group (0.57±0.05) was higher than that of the CON group (0.30±0.04)，P<0.05. The increase of the level of TN mRNA preceded the elevation of pulmonary pressure (14 days) and continued to increase with the rising of pulmonary pressure. CONCLUSIONS: TN might be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling with PH.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of gangliosides (GM1) on the apoptosis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2, two genes involved in apoptosis. METHODS: An HIE model was produced in 7day old SpragueDawley (SD) rats by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxic insult (8% oxygen) for 2.5 hours. Six of these HIE rats were treated promptly with GM1 (30 mg/kg daily for 3 days) and 6 were not given any treatment as the controls. Apoptosis was examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by the immunohistochemical streptoavidinbiotinperoxidase complex (SABC) method in all neonatal rats. RESULTS: Apoptosis was noted in the cerebral neurons of the neonatal rats after HI injuries. Apoptosis secondary to HI could be eliminated with prompt treatment with GM1 after the HI insult. The number of apoptotic cells in the cortex and hippocampus decreased from 75.25±4.94 and 47.25±6.6 to 55.75±6.71 and 32.14±4.88 respectively (P<0.01). Bax and Bcl-2 were expressed in all neonatal rats. Bax was expressed to a greater extent and Bcl-2 to a lesser extent in HIE neonatal rats compared with neonatal rats with prompt treatment with GM1(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prompt treatment with GM1 after HI injuries in neonatal rats results in decreased neuronal apoptosis. GM1 could partly affect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The results suggest that neonatal neuronal apoptosis after HI injuries may be related to changes in the expression of these two genes.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) on hyperoxia induced lung injury in premature rats. METHODS: Three dayold premature rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Ⅰ. the room air group, Ⅱ. the hyperoxia group, Ⅲ. the hyperoxia+rhEpo group, Ⅳ. the room air+rhEpo group. Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ rats were exposed to 90% O2. Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ rats received rhEpo (800 U/kg) subcutaneously every other day. After 3 days or 7 days of exposure, the contents of glutathione (GSH), total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nonheme iron in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the ratio of lung wet weight/dry weight (W/D), and lung morphometry were examined in all groups. RESULTS: ① After 3 days, Group Ⅱ rats showed an increase of MDA content compared with Group Ⅰ rats ［(1.39±0.60) nmol/ml vs (0.35±0.22) nmol/ml，P<0.01］, and presence of hyperaemia, red cell extravasation and inflammatory infiltration. After 7 days of exposure, the contents of nonheme iron, total protein and MDA increased in Group Ⅱ rats compared with Group Ⅰ rats ［(109.31±7.86) μg/dl vs (94.95±10.83) μg/dl, (1.53±0.39) nmol/ml vs (0.30±0.13) nmol/ml，(0.47±0.02) g/L vs (0.25±0.04) g/L, respectively］, P<0.01. And the ration of lung W/D also increased ［(5.54±0.41) vs (5.00±0.15)］，P<0.05, and pathologic changes were more severe than those after 3 days of exposure. ② After 3 days of exposure, compared with Group Ⅱ rats, MDA content ［(0.69±0.19) nmol/ml］ in Group Ⅲ rats decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the changes of acute lung injury were also alleviated. After 7 days of exposure, the contents of MDA ［(0.80±0.24) nmol/ml］, total protein ［(0.36±0.02) g/L］, nonheme iron ［(99.60±8.21) μg/dl］ and lung W/D (5.08±0.21) also decreased in Group Ⅲ rats compared with Group Ⅱ rats (P<0.01 or 0.05). GSH contents increased in Group Ⅲ rats both after 3 days and 7 days of exposure ［(130.85±7.62) mg/L and (136.69±5.90) mg/L］ compared with those in Group Ⅱ rats ［(106.86±9.87) mg/L, (122.19±10.41) mg/L］(both P<0.01), and pathologic changes in Group Ⅲ rats were alleviated more than those in Group Ⅱ rats. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 90% O2 for 3 days and 7 days result in acute lung injury in pretmature rats. Treatment with rhEpo alleviates hyperoxic lung injury in premature rats.

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the carrier rate of streptococcus pneumoniae and the sensitivity to penicillin in children aged 2～6 in two kindergartens in Guangzhou City. METHODS: Pharyngo nasoparyngeal swab specimen were collected from 220 healthy children in two kindergartens in Guangzhou city. The swab was spread on the blood disk, cultured at 35℃, 5% CO2 for 24 h and identified by Optochin paper. The minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin was measured by the agar dilution method. The positive rates of bacteria carrier were compared by using chi square test. RESULTS: Fifty three strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated among 220 children (a carrier rate of 24.1%), 49 strains were sensitive to penicillin (a susceptibility rate of 92.5%) and 4 strains were moderately resistant to penicillin (a resistance rate of 7.5%). The positive rates were associated with age groups, especially the 2～4 years groups. The carrier rates of 2～3 years and ～4 years groups were 47.1% and 43.5% respectively, higher than those of ～5 years with 21.4% and ～6 years with 17.1%(χ2=12.216, P<0.01). The isolation rates were different in various classes and bacterial carriers usually gathered in the same class. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy children aged 2～6 have a high carrier rate of streptococcus pneumoniae. The resistant rate to penicillin is lower (7.5%). Children with a high carrier rate of streptococus pneumoniae must be immunized to avoid cross infection.

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available

Abstract:No abstract available